For there to be a cause of death, all organs have to be removed by a mortician and then dissected and examined by a pathologist. How much of a role the mortician has differs in each medical facility. Certainly, the longer serving and better qualified morticians are trusted colleagues of the pathologists and their opinions are well valued.
Take for example, someone who has died without suspicious circumstances or trauma. Perhaps they seem to have had a stroke, but because they have no recent history regarding this, a post mortem is required. The mortician will remove all organs and prepare them for the pathologist.
This image, taken from Wiki, shows the brain in situ after the back of the cranium has been removed.
The brain is removed by the mortician and placed ready for the pathologist to dissect to assist in ascertaining the cause of death.
The pathologist confirms the cause of death (probably from a clot in the brain but don't ask me how, I have no idea) and the mortician can now replace all organs back into the trunk. The brain is also placed into the abdominal cavity as it is completely unhygienic and impractical to attempt replacement in the cranium. Cotton wool is placed in the cranium, throat area and pelvic bowl and the incisions, both trunk and skull, are sutured to return the deceased to a dignified and complete state.
The hair is washed and dried and the body is also washed, dried and dressed in a shroud. This is usually a plain white cotton 'kaftan' style garment which easily and respectfully clothes the deceased.
So, now its my turn.
I am unable to embalm from one point as the circuit of blood vessels has been broken by the removal of organs and dissection of tissues. I must reopen the sutures, clean and treat the organs, dispose of the cotton wool and replace with fresh. I intubate each main vessel individually in order to send the fluids to the tissues. To embalm each leg, buttock and sections of the trunk and lower sections of the back I must locate the iliac arteries and intubate and inject them. To embalm each arm, chest wall, breast and upper sections of the back I must locate the subclavian arteries and intubate and inject them. To embalm each side of the face, neck and scalp I must locate the carotid arteries and intubate and inject them.
The problems with doing this are varied and extensive, too detailed for a blog, but safe to say it doesn't always work as we would hope. Skills developed over many years still leave an embalmer sweating, trying to find teeny, tiny facial arteries to ensure the jaw and lips and tip of the nose receive adequate fluid. All of this vessel searching means we lean right into the deceased, desperately trying to achieve good fluid distribution and adequate preservation.
So when my lady in chapel last week was visited by her husband and his opening words were 'What are you doing here, hey Georgina?' and he completely let go to a relieved sobbing, the frustration and hard work felt completely worth it.